Turkey

Eastern Turkey sceneryTurkey is located where the three continents making up the old world, Asia, Africa and Europe are closest to each other and straddle the point where Europe and Asia meet, with the majority of the country in Southwest Asia. Turkey has been called “the cradle of civilization” and boasts a rich culture that, through the centuries, has made a lasting impression on modern civilization: after all, the world’s first town, a Neolithic city at Catalhoyuk dating back to 6,500 BC, is found here. Turkey is a paradise of information and cultural wealth: Hattis, Hittites, Phrygians, Urartians, Lycians, Lydians, Ionians, Persians, Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans have all held important places in Turkey’s history, and ancient sites and ruins scattered throughout the country give proof to each civilization’s unique distinction.

The diverse nature of the landscape, and the existence in particular of the mountains that run parallel to the coasts, result in significant differences in climatic conditions from one region to the other. While the coastal regions enjoy milder climates, the inland Anatolia plateau experiences hot summers and cold winters with limited rainfall. The Black Sea region is renowned for its forests of leaf bearing and coniferous trees and for the apples, pears, cherries, hazelnuts, mandarin oranges, tobacco and tea that are grown there. Along the eastern Mediterranean shores the local vegetation is tropical, with flourishing banana, palm and citrus trees and sugar cane and cotton. On the western Mediterranean, Aegean and Marmara coasts olive, citrus and pine trees abound.

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