The rugged character of the Finns reflects their geography and their determination to do things their own way. Long dominated by either Sweden or Russia, Finland celebrated its 75th anniversary of independence in 1992. Helsinki, the capital, is also a gateway to Russia and the Baltic republics. Lakes, islands and forests stretch to a vast wilderness above the Arctic Circle, home of the Lapps and the reindeer they depend upon.

Helsinki is known as "the Daughter of the Baltic." Favorite activities for visitors include exploring the Market Square and taking a harbor boat trip. Distinctive structures include the Rock Church, carved out of solid rock with only the shallow cupola visible from outside; the Sibelius Monument, made of steel pipes; and the lineup of neo-classic buildings around Senate Square.

Turku is a 750-year-old city that was the capital until 1812. Its castle, which houses the historical museum, is right out of a saga and overlooks the harbor. The Gothic cathedral is one of the major medieval structures in Finland. Nearby Naantall, one of the oldest towns in Finland, is now a summer resort of brightly colored wooden houses.

Rovanlemi, gateway to Lapland, is only a short flight from Helsinki, but the lifestyles of the residents are poles apart. Visitors send home souvenir postcards attesting to their journey north of the Arctic Circle.

Tampere, the third-largest city, is the starting point for popular lake cruises. Dating back to the 18th century, the town offers excellent examples of neo-classical and modern architecture. Popular sites include the Sara Hilden Art Museum, with outstanding Finnish and international artwork on display; S5rkdnniemi Recreation Center, an amusement park, children's zoo, planetarium and dolphinarium all in one; and Tampere Hall, the city's contemporary concert hall and convention center. 

The Finnish National Opera performs from September to May at the magnificent New Opera House. During the Savonlinna Opera Festival in July, the Finns celebrate the long days and warm weather of summer with a host of cultural festivals.

Around July 11-19, the Pori Jazz festival is usually scheduled, with free street concerts as well as ticketed performances by jazz stars from Europe and the U.S. Finland is the second Scandinavian country (Denmark was the first) to offer gambling with the casino in the Ramada Presidentti Hotel in Helsinki. Choices include blackjack, roulette and slot machines.